pub const VRAM_SIZE: usize = 8192; pub const HRAM_SIZE: usize = 128; pub const PALETTE_SIZE: usize = 4; pub const RGBA_SIZE: usize = 4; pub const SCREEN_WIDTH: usize = 160; pub const SCREEN_HEIGHT: usize = 154; /// Represents the Game Boy PPU (Pixel Processing Unit) and controls /// all of the logic behind the graphics processing and presentation. /// Should store both the VRAM and HRAM together with the internal /// graphic related registers. /// Outputs the screen as a monochromatic 8 bit frame buffer. /// /// # Basic usage /// ```rust /// let ppu = Ppu::new(); /// ppu.tick(); /// ``` pub struct Ppu { /// The 8 bit based monochromatic frame buffer with the /// processed set of pixels ready to be displayed on screen. pub frame_buffer: [u8; SCREEN_WIDTH * SCREEN_HEIGHT], /// Video dedicated memory (VRAM) where both the tiles and /// the sprites are going to be stored. pub vram: [u8; VRAM_SIZE], pub hram: [u8; HRAM_SIZE], palette: [[u8; RGBA_SIZE]; PALETTE_SIZE], /// The scroll Y register that controls the Y offset /// of the background. scy: u8, /// The scroll X register that controls the X offset /// of the background. scx: u8, /// The current scan line in processing, should /// range between 0 (0x00) and 153 (0x99), representing /// the 154 lines plus 10 extra v-blank lines. line: u8, switch_bg: bool, bg_map: bool, bg_tile: bool, switch_lcd: bool, /// The current execution mode of the PPU, should change /// between states over the drawing of a frame. mode: PpuMode, /// Internal clock counter used to control the time in ticks /// spent in each of the PPU modes. mode_clock: u16, } pub enum PpuMode { OamRead, VramRead, Hblank, VBlank, } impl Ppu { pub fn new() -> Ppu { Ppu { frame_buffer: [0u8; SCREEN_WIDTH * SCREEN_HEIGHT], vram: [0u8; VRAM_SIZE], hram: [0u8; HRAM_SIZE], palette: [[0u8; RGBA_SIZE]; PALETTE_SIZE], scy: 0x0, scx: 0x0, line: 0x0, switch_bg: false, bg_map: false, bg_tile: false, switch_lcd: false, mode: PpuMode::OamRead, mode_clock: 0, } } pub fn clock(&mut self, ticks: u8) { self.mode_clock += ticks as u16; match self.mode { PpuMode::OamRead => { if self.mode_clock >= 204 { self.mode_clock = 0; self.mode = PpuMode::VramRead; } } PpuMode::VramRead => { if self.mode_clock >= 172 { self.render_line(); self.mode_clock = 0; self.mode = PpuMode::Hblank; } } PpuMode::Hblank => { if self.mode_clock >= 204 { self.line += 1; // in case we've reached the end of the // screen we're now entering the v-blank if self.line == 143 { self.mode = PpuMode::VBlank; // self.drawData @todo implement this one } else { self.mode = PpuMode::OamRead; } self.mode_clock = 0; } } PpuMode::VBlank => { if self.mode_clock >= 456 { self.line += 1; // in case the end of v-blank has been reached then // we must jump again to the OAM read mode and reset // the scan line counter to the zero value if self.line == 153 { self.mode = PpuMode::OamRead; self.line = 0; } self.mode_clock = 0; } } } } pub fn read(&mut self, addr: u16) -> u8 { match addr & 0x00ff { 0x0040 => { let value = if self.switch_bg { 0x01 } else { 0x00 } | if self.bg_map { 0x08 } else { 0x00 } | if self.bg_tile { 0x10 } else { 0x00 } | if self.switch_lcd { 0x80 } else { 0x00 }; value } 0x0042 => self.scy, 0x0043 => self.scx, 0x0044 => self.line, addr => panic!("Reading from unknown PPU location 0x{:04x}", addr), } } pub fn write(&mut self, addr: u16, value: u8) { match addr & 0x00ff { 0x0040 => { self.switch_bg = value & 0x01 == 0x01; self.bg_map = value & 0x08 == 0x08; self.bg_tile = value & 0x10 == 0x10; self.switch_lcd = value & 0x80 == 0x80; } 0x0042 => self.scy = value, 0x0043 => self.scx = value, 0x0047 => { for index in 0..PALETTE_SIZE { match (value >> (index * 2)) & 3 { 0 => self.palette[index] = [255, 255, 255, 255], 1 => self.palette[index] = [192, 192, 192, 255], 2 => self.palette[index] = [96, 96, 96, 255], 3 => self.palette[index] = [0, 0, 0, 255], color_index => panic!("Invalid palette color index {:04x}", color_index), } } } addr => panic!("Writing in unknown PPU location 0x{:04x}", addr), } } fn render_line(&self) { //@todo implement the rendering of a line } }